How Hydraulic Pumps Work & How to Calculate Their Capacity




1.Working Principle of a Hydraulic Pump

A hydraulic pump converts mechanical energy from a motor or engine into hydraulic energy by moving fluid.

The pump creates flow by:

Increasing volume at the inlet → fluid is drawn in

Decreasing volume at the outlet → fluid is forced out

A hydraulic pump creates flow, while system pressure is generated by resistance in the hydraulic system.

2.How to Calculate Theoretical Flow Rate

Theoretical Flow Formula: Qₜ = V × n

Where:

Qₜ = Theoretical flow rate

V = Pump displacement (cm³/rev)

n = Rotational speed (rpm)

3.Actual Flow Rate in Real Systems

Due to internal leakage, the actual flow is lower than the theoretical value.

Actual Flow Formula: Qₐ = Qₜ × ηᵥ

Where:

Qₐ = Actual flow

ηᵥ = Volumetric efficiency

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